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SS-31, Elamipretide · How it works
Cardiolipin shield
Cardiolipin is a fat found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It anchors the protein complexes that make ATP. Under stress, cardiolipin binds cytochrome c and turns it into a peroxidase that burns the membrane. SS-31 binds cardiolipin and stops that switch while keeping cytochrome c carrying electrons.
Sources
Read the original sources
- First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. (Szeto · 2014 · Abstract; full methods not assumed · checked 2026-10-13)
- Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis. (2014 · Abstract; full methods not assumed · checked 2026-10-13)