SS-31, Elamipretide

How it works

SS-31 binds cardiolipin, keeps the energy chain folded and working, stops cytochrome c turning into a free-radical maker and protects the cristae.

Sources

Read the original sources

First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. (Szeto · 2014 · Abstract; full methods not assumed · checked 2026-10-13)
Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis. (2014 · Abstract; full methods not assumed · checked 2026-10-13)
The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. (2013 · Abstract; full methods not assumed · checked 2026-10-13)
Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury (Abstract · checked 2026-10-13)
Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: novel neuroprotective agents (Abstract · checked 2026-10-13)