Toll-like receptor sensing

Thymosin Alpha-1 acts on dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells through the toll-like receptors TLR9 and TLR2. Through MyD88 and IRF7 it turns on type 1 interferon, the body's first antiviral alarm. This is how it helps the body notice viruses and fungi it was missing. The dendritic cell then teaches T cells what to attack.